In vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice on Oral Pathogens
Abstract
Introduction: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit contains valuable ingredients, such as ellagitannins and flavonoids, that have many potential effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory functions.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pomegranate fruit juice on F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis monospecies and multispecies biofilm formation in vitro.
Methods: Pomegranate juice was obtained using a juicer and diluted using a brain heart infusion (BHI) broth into five different concentrations. The biofilm assay was performed as follows: F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis were cultured separately in the BHI broth for 48 hours at 37°C in an anaerobic atmosphere. A 200 mL bacterial suspension (107 CFU/mL) was distributed into a 96-well plate and incubated for 24 hours to form a biofilm. Subsequently, pomegranate juice was added to the biofilm well and observed after 1 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours. The biofilm mass was measured using a microplate reader (490 nm) after crystal violet staining. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) and the biofilms without treatment were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, with p<0.05 as the level of significance.
Result: There was a significant biofilm reduction after treatment with pomegranate juice for all the concentrations and incubation times (p<0.05). The effective concentrations to inhibit the biofilm monospecies F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis and the multispecies were 6.25% (OD 0.148±0.019), 50% (OD 0.211±0.026), and 6.25% (OD 0.024±0.209), respectively.
Conclusion: Pomegranate juice inhibits F. nucleatum and S. sanguinis biofilm formation as a monospecies and a multispecies. Future studies are needed to observe the mechanism of this active substance.
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Kim HY, Park JB. In vitro evaluation of anticaries effect of cinnamon extracts on oral pathogens. Biomed Res. 2017;28(6):2848-2853.
Wijaksana IKE. Infectobesity dan periodontitis: hubungan dua arah obesitas dan penyakit periodontal. Odonto Dent J. 2016;3(1):67–73.
Di Benedetto A, Gigante I, Colucci S, Grano M. Periodontal disease: linking the primary inflammation to bone loss. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;503754:1-7.
Signat B, Roques C, Poulet P, Duffaut D. Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2011;13(2):25–36.
Polak D, Wilensky A, Shapira L, Halabi A, Goldstein K, Weiss El, et al. Mouse model of experimental periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis/Fusobacterium nucleatum infection: bone loss and host response. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36(5):406–10.
Ma S, Li H, Yan C, Wang D, Li H, Xia X, et al. Antagonistic effect of protein extracts from Streptococcus sanguinis on pathogenic bacteria and fungi of the oral cavity. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7(6):1486–94.
Stingu CS, Eschrich K, Rodloff AC, Schaumann R, Jentsch H. Periodontitis is associated with a loss of colonization by Streptococcus sanguinis. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:495–99.
Widyarman AS, Sumadi S, Agustin TP. Antibiofilm effect of Clitoria ternatea flower juice on Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. J Indones Dent Assoc. 2018; 1(1):7-12. doi:10.32793/jida.v1i1.288.
Widyarman AS, Widjaja SB, Idrus E. Strawberry extract’s effects on Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms in vitro. Sci Dent J. 2017;1(1):1–5.
Janardhanan S, Mahendra J, Girija ASS, Mahendra L, Priyadharsini V. Antimicrobial effects of Garcinia mangostana on cariogenic microorganisms. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017; 11(1): ZC19–ZC22.
Liliany D, Widyarman AS, Erfan E, Sudiono J, Djamil MS. Enzymatic activity of bromelain isolated pineapple (Ananas comosus) hump and its antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis. Sci Dent J. 2018;2(2):39–50.
Prasad D, Kunnaiah R. Punica granatum: A review on its potential role in treating periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014;18(4):428–32.
Miguel MG, Neves MA, Antunes MD. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A medicinal plant with myriad biological properties - A short review. J Med Plants Res. 2010;4(25):2836–47.
Naz S, Siddiqi R, Ahmad S, Rasool SA, Sayeed SA. Antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from Punica granatum. J Food Sci. 2007;72(9):M341-5.
Betanzos-Cabrera G, Montes-Rubio PY, Fabela-Illescas HE, Belefant-Miller H, Cancino-Diaz JC. Antibacterial activity of fresh pomegranate juice against clinical strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Food Nutr Res. 2015;59:27620.
Widyarman AS, Suhalim OP, Nandary D, Theodorea CF. Pomegranate juice inhibits periodontal pathogens biofilm in vitro. Sci Dent J. 2018;2(3):101–108.
Bakkiyaraj D, Nandhini JR, Malathy B, Pandian SK. The anti-biofilm potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extract against human bacterial and fungal pathogens. Biofouling. 2013;29(8):929–937.
Howell AB, D’Souza DH. The pomegranate: effects on bacteria and viruses that influence human health. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:606212.
Abdollahzadeh S, Mashouf R, Mortazavi H, Moghaddam M, Roozbahani N, Vahedi M. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Punica granatum peel extracts against oral pathogens. J Dent Tehran Iran. 2011;8(1):1–6.
Huang R, Li M, Gregory RL. Bacterial interactions in dental biofilm. Virulence. 2011;2(5):435–44.
Li Y-H, Tian X. Quorum sensing and bacterial social interactions in biofilms. Sensors (Basel). 2012;12(3):2519–38.
Vasavi HS, Arun AB, Rekha P-D. Anti-quorum sensing potential of Adenanthera pavonina. Pharmacognosy Res. 2015;7(1):105–9.
Mahboubi A, Asgarpanah J, Sadaghiyani PN, Faizi M. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. var. pleniflora flowers (Golnar) against bacterial strains causing foodborne diseases. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:366.
Published
2019-04-30
How to Cite
PRAMADITA, Jemima; WIDYARMAN, Armelia Sari.
In vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice on Oral Pathogens.
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 15-20, apr. 2019.
ISSN 2621-6175.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jida/article/view/353>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32793/jida.v2i1.353.
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Section
Research Article
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