Salivary Flow Rates in Various Occlusal Support Zones in Elderly Individuals
Abstract
Introduction: Elderly individuals experience many changes in the oral cavity, one of which is tooth loss. Tooth loss disrupts the relationships between the maxillary and mandibular occlusions, which is detrimental to mastication. Mastication influences salivary secretion due to the salivary-masticatory reflex. Pressure on the teeth during mastication activates mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament, which can also stimulate salivary secretion.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the salivary flow rates in various occlusal support zones in the elderly based on the Eichner Index.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional and used a descriptive research method. The sample population comprised 36 elderly subjects residing in the village of Lebak Gede, Indonesia. Occlusal support zones were classified using the Eichner Index and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured using the Saxon test.
Results: The sample population’s mean salivary flow rate was 1.35 ± 0.65 mL/min. The mean salivary flow rates for Eichner classifications A, B1, B2, and B3, were 1.56 ± 0.78 mL/min, 1.52 ± 0.56 mL/min, 1.18 ± 0.45 mL/min, and 0.95 ± 0.86 mL/min, respectively.
Conclusion: The mean stimulated salivary flow rate tended to decrease as occlusal support zones decreased in Eichner classifications A, B1, B2, and B3.
References
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Analisis Lansia di Indonesia. Jakarta Selatan: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2017. pp. 1–2.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Data dan Informasi Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2019. 5.
Ananda N, Sulistyani LD, Bachtiar EW. Pertimbangan penggunaan implan gigi pada lansia. Insisiva Dent J. 2017;6(1):47–8.
Ghozali TD. Kelainan gigi dan mulut pada usia lanjut. In: Martono HH, Pranarka K, editors. Buku Ajar Boedhi-Darmojo Geriatri (Ilmu Kesehatan Usia Lanjut). Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FK UI; 2015. pp. 792–5.
Anshary MF, Cholil, Arya IW. Gambaran pola kehilangan gigi sebagian pada masyarakat desa guntung ujung kabupaten banjar. J Kedokt Gigi. 2014;2(2):138–43.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2019. p. 183.
Driscoll CF, Freilich MA, Guckes AD, Knoernschild KL, Mcgarry TJ. The glossary of prosthodontic terms 9th ed. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117(5S):56.
Shiga H, Ishikawa A, Nakajima K, Tanaka A. Relationship between masticatory performance using a gummy jelly and food intake ability in japanese complete denture wearers. J Odontol. 2014;103(3):356–9.
Ikebe K, Matsuda KI, Kagawa R, Enoki K, Yoshida M, Maeda Y, et al. Association of masticatory performance with age, gender, number of teeth, occlusal force and salivary flow in japanese older adults: is ageing a risk factor for masticatory dysfunction? Arch Oral Biol. 2011;56(10):991–6.
Rahayu YC, Kurniawati A. Cairan rongga mulut. Edisi kedua. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Panasea; 2018. pp. 42–44.
Hand AR, Frank ME. Fundamentals of oral histology and physiology. Danvers: John Wiley & Sons; 2014. pp. 223–238.
Pedersen AML, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter G. Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. J Oral Dis. 2018;24(8):1399–416.
Kasuma N. Fisiologi dan patologi saliva. Edisi pertama. Padang: Andalas University Press; 2015. p. 16.
Hector MP, Linden RWA. The possible role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the control of parotid secretion in man. Q J Exp Physiol. 1987;72(3):285–301.
Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Kagawa R, Enoki K, Okada T, Maeda Y. Masticatory performance in older subjects with varying degrees of tooth loss. J Dent. 2011;40(1):71–6.
Yoshino K, Kikukawa I, Yoda Y, Watanabe H, Fukai K, Sugihara N, et al. Relationship between eichner index and number of present teeth. Bullet Tokyo Dent Coll. 2012;53(1):37–40.
Kubota C, Kanazawa M, Hama Y, Komagamine Y, Minakuchi S. Association between chewing-stimulated salivary flow under the effects of atropine and mixing ability assessed using a color-changeable chewing gum. J Prosthodont Res. 2017;61(4):387–91.
Vandenberghe-descamps M, Labouré H, Prot A, Septier C, Tournier C, Feron G, et al. Salivary flow decreases in healthy elderly people independently of dental status and drug intake. J Texture Stud. 2016;47(4):1–6.
Hildebrandt GH, Tantbirojn D, Augustson DG, Guo H. Effect of caffeinated soft drinks on salivary flow. J Caffeine Res. 2013;3(3):138-42.
Tenuta LMA, Fernández CE, Brandão ACS, Cury JA. Titratable acidity of beverages influences salivary pH recovery. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29(1):2–3.
Agren M. 30-year (1983-2013) trends in saliva flow rate and saliva buffer capacity, analyses from 10- year repeated , cross-sectional population samples in the jönköping area. Örebro University. 2015;1-16.
Tschoppe P, Wolgin M, Pischon N, Kielbassa AM. Etiologic factors of hyposalivation and consequences for oral health. Quintessence Int. 2010;41(4):321–5.
Maheshwari A, Maheshwari B, Khandelwal V. Salivary flow assessment in denture wearers. Natl J Med Dent Res. 2013;1(3):2–3.
Han P, Suarez-Durall P, Roseann M. Dry mouth : a critical topic for older adult patients. J Prosthodont Res. 2014;59(1):6–12.
Ikebe K, Nokubi T, Morii K, Kashiwagi J, Furuya M. Association of bite force with ageing and occlusal support in older adults. J Dent. 2005;33(2):131–7.
Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Morii K, Hazeyama T, Kagawa R, Ogawa T, et al. Relationship between bite force and salivary flow in older adults. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(4):510–4.
Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements : a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(2):223–32.
Xu F, Laguna L, Sarkar A. Aging-related changes in quantity and quality of saliva: Where do we stand in our understanding? J Texture Stud. 2019 Feb;50(1):27-35.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Data dan Informasi Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2019. 5.
Ananda N, Sulistyani LD, Bachtiar EW. Pertimbangan penggunaan implan gigi pada lansia. Insisiva Dent J. 2017;6(1):47–8.
Ghozali TD. Kelainan gigi dan mulut pada usia lanjut. In: Martono HH, Pranarka K, editors. Buku Ajar Boedhi-Darmojo Geriatri (Ilmu Kesehatan Usia Lanjut). Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FK UI; 2015. pp. 792–5.
Anshary MF, Cholil, Arya IW. Gambaran pola kehilangan gigi sebagian pada masyarakat desa guntung ujung kabupaten banjar. J Kedokt Gigi. 2014;2(2):138–43.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2019. p. 183.
Driscoll CF, Freilich MA, Guckes AD, Knoernschild KL, Mcgarry TJ. The glossary of prosthodontic terms 9th ed. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117(5S):56.
Shiga H, Ishikawa A, Nakajima K, Tanaka A. Relationship between masticatory performance using a gummy jelly and food intake ability in japanese complete denture wearers. J Odontol. 2014;103(3):356–9.
Ikebe K, Matsuda KI, Kagawa R, Enoki K, Yoshida M, Maeda Y, et al. Association of masticatory performance with age, gender, number of teeth, occlusal force and salivary flow in japanese older adults: is ageing a risk factor for masticatory dysfunction? Arch Oral Biol. 2011;56(10):991–6.
Rahayu YC, Kurniawati A. Cairan rongga mulut. Edisi kedua. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Panasea; 2018. pp. 42–44.
Hand AR, Frank ME. Fundamentals of oral histology and physiology. Danvers: John Wiley & Sons; 2014. pp. 223–238.
Pedersen AML, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter G. Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. J Oral Dis. 2018;24(8):1399–416.
Kasuma N. Fisiologi dan patologi saliva. Edisi pertama. Padang: Andalas University Press; 2015. p. 16.
Hector MP, Linden RWA. The possible role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the control of parotid secretion in man. Q J Exp Physiol. 1987;72(3):285–301.
Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Kagawa R, Enoki K, Okada T, Maeda Y. Masticatory performance in older subjects with varying degrees of tooth loss. J Dent. 2011;40(1):71–6.
Yoshino K, Kikukawa I, Yoda Y, Watanabe H, Fukai K, Sugihara N, et al. Relationship between eichner index and number of present teeth. Bullet Tokyo Dent Coll. 2012;53(1):37–40.
Kubota C, Kanazawa M, Hama Y, Komagamine Y, Minakuchi S. Association between chewing-stimulated salivary flow under the effects of atropine and mixing ability assessed using a color-changeable chewing gum. J Prosthodont Res. 2017;61(4):387–91.
Vandenberghe-descamps M, Labouré H, Prot A, Septier C, Tournier C, Feron G, et al. Salivary flow decreases in healthy elderly people independently of dental status and drug intake. J Texture Stud. 2016;47(4):1–6.
Hildebrandt GH, Tantbirojn D, Augustson DG, Guo H. Effect of caffeinated soft drinks on salivary flow. J Caffeine Res. 2013;3(3):138-42.
Tenuta LMA, Fernández CE, Brandão ACS, Cury JA. Titratable acidity of beverages influences salivary pH recovery. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29(1):2–3.
Agren M. 30-year (1983-2013) trends in saliva flow rate and saliva buffer capacity, analyses from 10- year repeated , cross-sectional population samples in the jönköping area. Örebro University. 2015;1-16.
Tschoppe P, Wolgin M, Pischon N, Kielbassa AM. Etiologic factors of hyposalivation and consequences for oral health. Quintessence Int. 2010;41(4):321–5.
Maheshwari A, Maheshwari B, Khandelwal V. Salivary flow assessment in denture wearers. Natl J Med Dent Res. 2013;1(3):2–3.
Han P, Suarez-Durall P, Roseann M. Dry mouth : a critical topic for older adult patients. J Prosthodont Res. 2014;59(1):6–12.
Ikebe K, Nokubi T, Morii K, Kashiwagi J, Furuya M. Association of bite force with ageing and occlusal support in older adults. J Dent. 2005;33(2):131–7.
Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Morii K, Hazeyama T, Kagawa R, Ogawa T, et al. Relationship between bite force and salivary flow in older adults. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(4):510–4.
Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements : a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(2):223–32.
Xu F, Laguna L, Sarkar A. Aging-related changes in quantity and quality of saliva: Where do we stand in our understanding? J Texture Stud. 2019 Feb;50(1):27-35.
Published
2021-04-30
How to Cite
SARI, Kartika Indah; MAULIDA, Askani; TJAHAJAWATI, Sri.
Salivary Flow Rates in Various Occlusal Support Zones in Elderly Individuals.
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-6, apr. 2021.
ISSN 2621-6175.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jida/article/view/628>. Date accessed: 23 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32793/jida.v4i1.628.
Issue
Section
Research Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
