Association between Handgrip Strength and Oral Hygiene Skills Among The Older People in Rural Area: A Pilot Study
Abstract
Introduction: The aging process is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength. It causes the deterioration of handgrip muscles. Diminishing handgrip strength can impact the activities of daily life, including the maintenance of oral hygiene. A toothbrush handle must be gripped firmly enough to remove plaque. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine handgrip muscle strength and oral hygiene skills in the elderly. Methods: This study was a correlational analysis using a cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique of the elderly. The study was conducted in the rural village of Sinartanjung, Banjar, West Java, Indonesia. Handgrip strength was measured twice using an Electronic Hand Dynamometer Camry EH 101. Oral hygiene skills were assessed using the O'Leary plaque index to measure plaque control. Data were presented in tables and as percentages. A non-parametric statistical Spearman rank test was used to measure the correlation between handgrip strength and oral hygiene skill. Results: Forty-two the elderly people participated in this study, 31 females (73.80%) and 11 males (26.19%). The average handgrip strength was in the normal category (19.80 ± 7.2) kg and the average plaque index was in the moderate category (0.34 ± 0.16). The Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between handgrip strength and oral hygiene skills, r=0.521, p=0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Maintained handgrip strength in the elderly ensures an adequate toothbrush grip, thereby improving oral hygiene skills and increasing the amount of plaque that can be removed.
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Kang SY, Lim J, Park HS. Relationship between low handgrip strength and quality of life in Korean men and women. Qual Life Res. 2018 Oct;27(10):2571-2580.
Siparsky PN, Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE. Muscle changes in aging: understanding sarcopenia. Sports Health. 2014;6(1):36–40.
Nair Sreekumaran K. Aging muscle. Am J Clinical Nutrion. 2005;81:953–63.
Ekowati D. Kekuatan genggaman tangan pada wanita usia lanjut di posyandu lansia Kecamatan Kalasan dengan riwayat jatuh dan tidak jatuh [Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2014.
Stevens PJ, Syddall HE, Patel HP, Martin HJ, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A. Is grip strength a good marker of physical performance among community-dwelling older people? J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16(9):769-74.
Visser M, Deeg DJH, Lips P. Low vitamin d and high parathyroid hormone levels as determinants of loss of muscle strength and muscle mass (sarcopenia): The longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(12):5766-5772.
Ryoto V. Hubungan antara kekuatan otot genggam dengan umur, tingkat kemandirian, dan aktivitas fisik pada lansia wanita klub geriatric terpilih Jakarta Utara [Skripsi]. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia (Progam Stud Ilmu Gizi); 2012.
Putri DAKTA, Purnawati S. Hubungan kekuatan otot genggam dan kemampuan fungsional pada lansia wanita di posyandu lansia Desa Dauh Puri Kelod Denpasar Barat. E-Jurnal Med. 2017;6(4):20-27.
Portella FF, Rocha AW, Haddad DC, Fortes CB, Hugo FN, Padilha DM, et al. Oral hygiene caregivers' educational programme improves oral health conditions in institutionalised independent and functional elderly. Gerodontology. 2013:1-7.
Shin HS. Handgrip strength and the number of teeth among Korean population. J Periodontol. 2019;90(1):90-97.
Andarbeni DP, Sugiarto S, Prasetyo AA. Asupan energi dan protein dengan kekuatan otot genggam pada remaja putri. Darussalam Nutr J. 2018:11-18.
Rosmalina Y, Permaesih D, Rustan E, Ernawati F, Moeloek D, Herman S. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi muscle strength pada laki-laki lanjut usia. Bulet Penelit Kesehat. 2001;29(4):1-21.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Banjar. Kecamatan Pataruman Dalam Angka 2017. Banjar: Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Banjar; 2017. p. 9.
Rodríguez-García WD, García-Castañeda L, Orea-Tejeda A, Mendoza-Núñez V, GonzálezIslas DG, Santillán-Díaz C, et al. Handgrip strength: Reference values and its relationship with bioimpedance and anthropometric variables. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2017;19:54–8.
Nawangsasi P, Kalanjati, VP, Irawan R, Risdiansyah, Tirthaningsih NW. Correlation of hand grip strength and body height amongst young adults in Indonesia. Mal J Med Health Sci. 2021; 17 Suppl: 9–12.
O’Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 1972;43(1):38.
Vitriana, Defi IR. Physical factors in age-related physical performance decline in older adults at lembaga lansia Indonesia, West Java Branch. Maj Kedokt Bandung. 2020; 52 (3): 160–66.
Kristiana T, Widajanti N, Satyawati R. Association between muscle mass and muscle strength with physical performance in elderly in Surabaya. Surabaya Phys Med Rehabil J. 2020; 2(1): 24-34.
Christiandari DP, Pramantara Yunita, Korelasi usia dengan kekuatan otot pada lanjut usia di desa Sumber Porong Malang. Proceedings of the national work at the national congress of the Indonesian Association of Internal Medicine Specialists. 2018, July 11-15. Surakarta, Central Java. 2018. p. 1-4.
Ermawati T. Profil kebersihan dan perilaku menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada lansia di Desa Darsono Kabupaten Jember. IKESMA. 2016;12:77-83.
van der Weijden GA, Hioe KP. A systematic review of the effectiveness of self-performed mechanical plaque removal in adults with gingivitis using a manual toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32 Suppl 6:214-28.
Morris AJ, Steele J, White DA. The oral cleanliness and periodontal health of UK adults in 1998. Br Dent J. 2001;191(4):186-92.
Putrawan BP, Kuswardhani RAT. Faktor-faktor yang menentukan kekuatan genggaman tangan pada pasien lanjut usia di Panti Wredha Tangtu dan Poliklinik Geriatri RSUP Sanglah-Denpasar. J Penyakit Dalam. 2011;12(2):87-91.
Komulainen K, Ylöstalo P, Syrjälä AM, Ruoppi P, Knuuttila M, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Associations of instrumental activities of daily living and handgrip strength with oral self-care among home-dwelling elderly 75+. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e135-42.
Kang SY, Lim J, Park HS. Relationship between low handgrip strength and quality of life in Korean men and women. Qual Life Res. 2018 Oct;27(10):2571-2580.
Published
2021-10-31
How to Cite
SARI, Kartika Indah et al.
Association between Handgrip Strength and Oral Hygiene Skills Among The Older People in Rural Area: A Pilot Study.
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 77-82, oct. 2021.
ISSN 2621-6175.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jida/article/view/666>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32793/jida.v4i2.666.
Section
Research Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
