The Role of The Immune and Endocrine Function in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patient with Moderate Depressive Episode Accompanied by Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
Abstract
Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disease characterized by taste change and burning feeling of clinically normal oral mucosa. This case report was to discuss the role of immune and endocrine function in BMS. Patient had moderate depressive episode and her general health was worsening by Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Case: A 19-year-old female complained about burning feeling in her entire mouth shortly after had chili sauce. She already felt the burning sensation episodes for four months. She also complained about the same burning feeling in her chest especially when eating spicy and sour food. She also had another complaint of anxiety and stress. After a thorough history, physical and supportive examinations and followed by filling out Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42), patient was referred to ENT, internist and psychiatrist. The diagnosis was concluded as BMS in moderate depressive episode patient with GERD. To reduce the oral symptoms, patient was advised to avoid spicy and sour food. She was also prescribed with chlorine dioxide oral mouthwash and sterile soda bicarbonate water. At the same time, the internist prescribed lansoprazole and braxidin, while the psychiatrist prescribed sertraline and clobazam. Conclusion: The etiology of BMS in this case is not fully understood, but it is thought to be multifactorial with local, systemic and psychological factors. A thorough work-ups and follow-ups were important to build patient’s trust and contribute to the successful of the treatment plan. In the management of BMS, recognition and elimination of GERD as triggering factors in this case were crucial, which eventually reduce intensity, recurrence and frequency of the burning sensation.References
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2. Noor TNEBTA. Burning mouth syndrome caused by xerostomia secondary to amlodipine. Dent J (Majalah Kedokt Gigi). 2020;53(4):187.
3. Rezazadeh F, Farahmand F, Hosseinpour H, Shahriarirad R, Sabet Eghlidi A. The Association between Emotional Stress, Sleep Disturbance, Depression, and Burning Mouth Syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021.
4. Glick M. Burket’s Oral Medicine 12th ed. 12th ed. People’s Medical Publishing House. connecticut; 2015. 1–694 p.
5. Stahl stephen M. Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology neuroscientific Basis. fourth. Vol. 112. New York: Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK; 2013. 211–212 p.
6. Vaccarino AL, Sills TL, Evans KR, Kalali AH. Prevalence and association of somatic symptoms in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;110(3):270–6.
7. Bostame S, Bouthour H, Chouikh T, Kaabar N. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Pediatr Surg Handb Resid Med Students. 2017;(June):137–46.
8. Romano C, Cardile S. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and oral manifestations. Ital J Pediatr [Internet]. 2014;40(1):1–1.
9. Yang XJ, Jiang HM, Hou XH, Song J. Anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and their effect on quality of life. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(14):4302–9.
10. Choi JM, Yang JI, Kang SJ, Han YM, Lee J, Lee C, et al. Association between anxiety and depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Results from a large cross-sectional study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;24(4):593–602.
11. Kim JY, Kim YS, Ko I, Kim DK. Association between Burning Mouth Syndrome and the Development of Depression, Anxiety, Dementia, and Parkinson Disease. JAMA Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2020;146(6):561–9.
12. Ayuningtyas NF, Karimah A, Parmadiati AE, Hendarti HT. Management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis major in a bipolar affective disorder patient with food allergy. Acta Med Philipp. 2019;53(6):533–8.
13. Bekhuis E, Boschloo L, Rosmalen JGM, Schoevers RA. Differential associations of specific depressive and anxiety disorders with somatic symptoms. J Psychosom Res [Internet]. 2015;78(2):116–22.
14. Van Oudenhove L, Levy RL, Crowell MD, Drossman DA, Halpert AD, Keefer L, et al. Biopsychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal disorders: How central and environmental processes contribute to the development and expression of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2016;150(6):1355-1367.e2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.027
15. Verduijn J, Milaneschi Y, Schoevers RA, Van Hemert AM, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. Pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: Mechanisms involved in etiology are not associated with clinical progression. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5(9).
16. Kishore J, Shaikh F, Mirza S, Raffat MA, Ikram S, Akram Z. Cytokine levels and their role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A systematic review. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(12):1586–94.
17. Fakhri Y, Amanidaz N, Zandsalimi Y, Dadar M, Moradi A, Moradi B, et al. Association between sodium bicarbonate consumption and human health: A systematic review. Int J Med Res Heal Sci [Internet]. 2016;5:22–9. Available from: www.ijmrhs.com
18. Mirrakhimov AE, Ayach T, Barbaryan A, Talari G, Chadha R, Gray A. The Role of Sodium Bicarbonate in the Management of Some Toxic Ingestions. Int J Nephrol. 2017;2017.
Published
2023-11-01
How to Cite
RAHMAN, Kurnia Hayati et al.
The Role of The Immune and Endocrine Function in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patient with Moderate Depressive Episode Accompanied by Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease.
Journal of Indonesian Oral Medicine Society, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 19-26, nov. 2023.
ISSN 3026-6688.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jioms/article/view/1099>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
Section
Case Reports
