Prevention of infective endocarditis in dental procedures for tetralogy of fallot patients
Abstract
Objectives: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a congenital heart defect that is often found in children. Complication that can occur is infective endocarditis caused by bacteria that are often found in the oral cavity. Children with ToF are in a high risk of caries, especially in primary dentition. Preparation of the oral cavity must be done before the cardiac surgery. A proper examination and diagnosis of caries is required in determining the dental treatment to reduce the risk of infective endocarditis.Case Report: A boy aged 4 years, weighing 20 kg came to the pediatric dentistry clinic in Surabaya on a referral from Kediri. The patient had ToF with high caries index and will undergo cardiac corrective surgery. Through a brief anamnesis, it was found that this patient's fingernails and lips easily turn blue (cyanosis) if the patient is in an anxious condition. The panoramic photo shows teeth 51, 52, 54, 61, 62, 74, 84 showing radiolucent images from the enamel to the pulp chamber.
Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotics should be given to ToF patients before procedures involving the gingiva and pulp. Radiographs are needed to help establish the diagnosis and plan treatment. Proper oral and dental care must be taken to prevent the occurrence of infective endocarditis. Errors in determining the diagnosis can lead to errors in the treatment plan and increase the risk of infective endocarditis.
References
Soebroto H, Akbar E, Hakim AR. Primary repair tetralogy of fallot and major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries with suspected Noonan syndrome: A rare case. JKKI: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Ind. 2020;11(3):302-8.
Dabbagh A, Conte AH, Lubun L. Congenital heart disease in pediatric and adult patients: Anesthestic and perioperative management 1st ed. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p.50–4.
Rilantono LI, Baras F, Karo SK, Roebiono PS. Buku Ajar Kardiologi. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2003.
Rushani D, Kaufman JS, Ionescu-Ittu R, Mackie AS, Pilote L, Therrien J, Marelli AJ. Infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease: cumulative incidence and predictors. Circulation. 2013;128(13):1412-9.
Ayala CDL, Aguayo L. Oral and systemic manifestations, and dental management of a pediatric patient with Tetralogy of Fallot. A case report. J Oral Res 2016;5(2): 87-91.
Agarwala B. Tetralogy of Fallot. J Cardiol. 2017;1(2):000107.
Garrocho-Rangel A, Echavarría-García AC, Rosales-Bérber MA, Flores-Velázquez J, Pozos-Guillén A. Dental management of pediatric patients affected by pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: A scoping review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(4):458-66.
Willim HA. Endokarditis Infektif: Diagnosis, Tatalaksana, dan Pencegahan. CDK: Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2020;47(8):407-12.
Keynan Y, Rubinstein E. Pathophysiology ofinfective endocarditis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2013;15(4):342-6.
Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075-128.
Gedik S, Gedik R, Gedik TN. Tetralogy of Fallot: Report of 30 Cases and Dental Considerations with Review of Literature. WIMJ Open 2015;2(2):102-5.
Gupta PV. Pediatric Dentistry for Special Child. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2016. p.109-23.
Mudjosemedi M, Widyaningrum R, Gracea RS. Perbedaan Hasil Pengukuran Horizontal pada Tulang Mandibula dengan Radiograf Panoramik. Maj Ked Gi Ind. 2015;1(1):78-85.
Woroprobosari NR, Utami NR, Hadianto E. Estimation of Biological Ages with Kvaal Method Using Panoramic Radiography in Semarang City. Denta Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi. 2020;14:16-20.
Hayes-Lattin M, Salmi D. Educational Case: Tetralogy of Fallot and a Review of the Most Common Forms of Congenital Heart Disease. Acad Pathol. 2020;7:2374289520934094.
Hegde AM, Kavita R, Sushma KS, Suchetha S. Salivary sialic acid levels and dental health in children with congenital heart disease. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012;36(3):293-6.
Chinawa JM, Vijay A, Gaikwad S, Trivedi B, Chukwu B. Clinical profile and surgical outcomes of children presenting with teratology of Fallot. J Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2020;5:157-62.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients at risk for infection. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:447-52.
Dabbagh A, Conte AH, Lubun L. Congenital heart disease in pediatric and adult patients: Anesthestic and perioperative management 1st ed. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p.50–4.
Rilantono LI, Baras F, Karo SK, Roebiono PS. Buku Ajar Kardiologi. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2003.
Rushani D, Kaufman JS, Ionescu-Ittu R, Mackie AS, Pilote L, Therrien J, Marelli AJ. Infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease: cumulative incidence and predictors. Circulation. 2013;128(13):1412-9.
Ayala CDL, Aguayo L. Oral and systemic manifestations, and dental management of a pediatric patient with Tetralogy of Fallot. A case report. J Oral Res 2016;5(2): 87-91.
Agarwala B. Tetralogy of Fallot. J Cardiol. 2017;1(2):000107.
Garrocho-Rangel A, Echavarría-García AC, Rosales-Bérber MA, Flores-Velázquez J, Pozos-Guillén A. Dental management of pediatric patients affected by pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: A scoping review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(4):458-66.
Willim HA. Endokarditis Infektif: Diagnosis, Tatalaksana, dan Pencegahan. CDK: Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2020;47(8):407-12.
Keynan Y, Rubinstein E. Pathophysiology ofinfective endocarditis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2013;15(4):342-6.
Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075-128.
Gedik S, Gedik R, Gedik TN. Tetralogy of Fallot: Report of 30 Cases and Dental Considerations with Review of Literature. WIMJ Open 2015;2(2):102-5.
Gupta PV. Pediatric Dentistry for Special Child. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2016. p.109-23.
Mudjosemedi M, Widyaningrum R, Gracea RS. Perbedaan Hasil Pengukuran Horizontal pada Tulang Mandibula dengan Radiograf Panoramik. Maj Ked Gi Ind. 2015;1(1):78-85.
Woroprobosari NR, Utami NR, Hadianto E. Estimation of Biological Ages with Kvaal Method Using Panoramic Radiography in Semarang City. Denta Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi. 2020;14:16-20.
Hayes-Lattin M, Salmi D. Educational Case: Tetralogy of Fallot and a Review of the Most Common Forms of Congenital Heart Disease. Acad Pathol. 2020;7:2374289520934094.
Hegde AM, Kavita R, Sushma KS, Suchetha S. Salivary sialic acid levels and dental health in children with congenital heart disease. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012;36(3):293-6.
Chinawa JM, Vijay A, Gaikwad S, Trivedi B, Chukwu B. Clinical profile and surgical outcomes of children presenting with teratology of Fallot. J Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2020;5:157-62.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients at risk for infection. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:447-52.
Published
2021-08-31
How to Cite
IRMAWATI, Ari Rosita; SUTARTO, Ayulistya Paramita.
Prevention of infective endocarditis in dental procedures for tetralogy of fallot patients.
Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI), [S.l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 66-69, aug. 2021.
ISSN 2686-1321.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jrdi/article/view/706>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i2.706.
Section
Case Report
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
