The accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography on determining the working length in endodontic treatment: narrative review
Abstract
Objectives: This review article is aimed to determine the accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography as a determinant of the working length in endodontic treatment and the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.Review: Endodontic treatment is a dental treatment for damages reaching the pulp which aims to maintain the tooth. One way to succeed in endodontic treatment is to determine an accurate working length. The working length can be determined by intraoral periapical radiography examination but some people are sensitive to intraoral film placement. The placement of film on periapical radiography extraorally is needed.
Conclusion: The study showed that the extraoral periapical radiography had more than 75% accuracy in determining the working length depending on angulation used. This review concludes that extraoral periapical radiography can be used in patients who can not tolerate to intraoral film placement with an accuracy that is not significantly different from that of the intraoral periapical radiography but is not meant to be replaced intraoral periapical radiography.
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E Silva MHC, Coelho MS, Santos MFL, De Lima CO, Campos CN. The Use of An Alternative Extraoral Periapical Technique for Patients with Severe Gag Reflex. Case Rep Dent. 2016;2016(1):1–5.
Saberi E, Hafezi L, Farhadmolashahi N, Mokhtari M. Modified Newman and Friedman Extraoral Radiographic Technique. Iran Endod J. 2012;7(2):74–8.
Reddy ESP, Nigam N, Sinha S, Dwivedy S. Extraoral Periapical Technique : A Lost Discovery. 2015;4(2):310–3.
Sadeghi SH, Esmi F. Clinical Comparison between Eztra Oral Radiography Technique with Conventional Periapical Film and Intra Oral Method on Working Length Estimation in Molars Teeth in Endodontics. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2007;16(61):15–21.
Nazeer MR, Khan FR, Rahman M. In Vitro Assessment of The Accuracy of Extraoral Periapical Radiography in Root Length Determination. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(1):34–9.
Kumar R, Khambete N. Use of Extraoral Periapical Radiography in Indian Population: Technique and Case Reports. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(2):271–3.
Meilawaty Z, Hadnyawati HK. Pola Perawatan Gigi dengan Kelainan Pulpa di Rumah Sakit. J Kedokt Gigi Univ Jember. 2013;10(1):44–6.
Damayanti A, Kaswindiarti S. Perawatan Pulpektomi Non Vital pada Gigi Desidui Anterior Maksila. J Ilmu Kedokt Gigi [Internet]. 2017;1(1):58–63.
Kurniastuti I, Purnomo MH, Purnama IKE, Rinastiti M. Pengukuran Panjang Saluran Akar Gigi pada Citra X-Ray Gigi Menggunakan Active Shape Model. Semin Nas Apl Teknol Inf. 2015;29–34.
Miletic V, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Ivanovic V. Clinical Reproducibility of Three Electronic Apex Locators. Int Endod J. 2011;44(8):769–76.
Paramita N, Nugroho JJ. Keakuratan Electronic Apex Locator untuk Menentukan Panjang Kerja. Mak Dent J. 2014;3(1):1–4.
Sridhara A, Konde S, Noojadi SR, Kumar NC, Belludi AC. Comparative Evaluation of Intraoral and Extraoral Periapical Radiographic Techniques in Determination of Working Length: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;13(3):211–6.
Garg N, Garg A. Textbook of Endodontics. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher; 2014. 89, 283 p.
Toppo S. Distribusi Pemakaian Radiografi Periapikal dan Radiografi Panoramik pada Pasien Impaksi Molar Ketiga Rahang Bawah di Kota Makassar. J Dentomaxillofacial Sci. 2012;11(2):75–8.
Dewi IK, Sitam S. Teknik modifikasi ekstraoral radiografi Newman dan Friedman sebagai alternatif radiografi intraoral periapikal pada masa pandemi COVID-19. J Radiol Dentomaksilofasial Indones. 2020;4(2):43–6.
Newman ME, Friedman S. Extraoral Radiographic Technique: An Alternative Approach,. J Endod. 2003;29(6):29–31.
Chen C, Lin S, Chiu H, Lin Y, Chen Y-K, Lin L-M. An Aiming Device for An Extraoral Radiographic Technique. J Endod. 2007;33(6):758–60.
Mishra I, Karjodkar FR, Sansare K, Dora AC, Tambawala SS, Kapoor R, et al. Diagnostic Value of Extraoral Periapical Radiograph in Comparison to Intraoral Periapical Radiograph: A Cross-sectional, Institutional Study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9(3):406–9.
Ramadhan AZ, Sitam S, Azhari, Epsilawati L. Gambaran Kualitas dan Mutu Radiograf. J Radiol Dentomaksilofasial Indones. 2020;3(3):43–8.
Permatahati A, Noerianingsih R, Pramanik F. Kualitas Radiograf Periapikal dengan Teknik Bisektris. Padjajaran J Dent Res Student. 2019;3(2):82–6.
Antolis M, Priaminiarti M, Kiswanjaya B. Vertical Angulation Alteration Tolerance in the Periapical Radiograph of Maxillary Incisor (An in vitro Study). J Dent Indones. 2014;21(2):2–7.
Anggara A, Iswani R, Darmawangsa. Perubahan Sudut Penyinaran Vertikal Pada Bisecting Tecnique Radiography Terhadap Keakuratan Dimensi Panjang Gigi Premolar Satu Atas. J B-Dent. 2019;5(1):1–8.
Sudhakar S, Ramaswamy P, Smitha B, Uday G. Utility of Extra-Oral Aiming Device in Imaging Periapical Regions of Posterior Teeth. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(10):ZC51–5.
Reddy SS, Kaushik A, Reddy S, Agarwal K. Extraoral Periapical Radiography: A Technique Unveiled. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2011;23(3):S336–9.
Sadaf D, Ahmad MZ. Accurate Measurement of Canal Length during Root Canal Treatment : An In Vivo Study. 2015;11(1):42–7.
Yılmaz F, Kamburoğlu K, Şenel B. Endodontic Working Length Measurement Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Images Obtained at Different Voxel Sizes and Field of Views, Periapical Radiography, and Apex Locator: A Comparative Ex Vivo Study. J Endod. 2017;43(1):152–6.
Zafar MS, Javed E. Extraoral Radiography: An Alternative to Intraoral Radiography for Endodontic (Root Canal System) Length Determination. Eur Sci J. 2013;9(15):51–61.
Faraj BM. Preoperative Estimation of Endodontic Working Length with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Standardized Paralleling Technique in Comparison to Its Real Length. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:1–8.
Aggarwal A, Mann NS, Singh J, Midha V. The Revolution in Endodontic Imaging : Extraoral Periapical Radiography. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2017;7(9):311–4.
Ibrahim MF, Aziz MS, Maxood A, Khan WU. Comparison of Paralleling and Bisecting Angle Techniques in Endodontic Working Length Radiography. J Endod. 2013;33(1):160–4.
Almogbel AAA, Alolayan AAS. Quality of Periapical Radiographs Taken by Undergraduate Dental Students at Qassim University. Dent Students’ Res [Internet]. 2014;(March):10–5.
FELIPPE MCS, NASSRI MRG, BURGOS PG, FREITAS SFT de, LAGE-MARQUES JL. Quality of periapical radiographs taken by undergraduate students during endodontic treatment. RSBO Rev Sul-Brasileira Odontol [Internet]. 2009;6(1):63–9.
Hasan A, Naz F, Ali SA, Khan JA, Ali B. Technical Errors in Intra Oral Radiographs Obtained in Endodontic Department of A Teaching Dental Hospital. J Pakistan Dent Assoc. 2019;28(02):50–4.
Jayasinghe RD, Weerakoon BS, Perera R, Ediri AWM, Fonseka MCN, Wettasinghe KA. Quality of Working Length Radiographs Taken and Used by Dental Students During Endodontic Treatment. 2013;1:1–4.
Ali SA, Hussain M, Shahzad M, Irfan F. Quality Analysis of Periapical Radiographs Taken by Dental Assistants. J Liaquat Univ Med Heal Sci. 2018;17(4):260–4.
Fathiyya F, Pramanik F, Firman RN. Kualitas Radiograf Periapikal dengan Teknik Paralel di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran. Padjadjaran J Dent Res Students. 2019;3(1):70.
Javed MQ, Kolarkodi SH, Riaz A, Nawabi S. Quality Assurance Audit of Digital Intraoral Periapical Radiographs at The Undergraduate Dental Clinics. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2020;30(12):1339–42.
Khan A, Javed MQ, Iqbal R, Khan F, Habib SR. Quality Assurance Audit of Digital Intraoral Periapical Radiographs at The Undergraduate Dental Clinics. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2020;32(3):327–30.
Kumar R, Khambete N, Priya E. Extraoral Periapical Radiography: An Alternative Approach to Intraoral Periapical Radiography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2011;41(4):161–5.
E Silva MHC, Coelho MS, Santos MFL, De Lima CO, Campos CN. The Use of An Alternative Extraoral Periapical Technique for Patients with Severe Gag Reflex. Case Rep Dent. 2016;2016(1):1–5.
Saberi E, Hafezi L, Farhadmolashahi N, Mokhtari M. Modified Newman and Friedman Extraoral Radiographic Technique. Iran Endod J. 2012;7(2):74–8.
Reddy ESP, Nigam N, Sinha S, Dwivedy S. Extraoral Periapical Technique : A Lost Discovery. 2015;4(2):310–3.
Sadeghi SH, Esmi F. Clinical Comparison between Eztra Oral Radiography Technique with Conventional Periapical Film and Intra Oral Method on Working Length Estimation in Molars Teeth in Endodontics. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2007;16(61):15–21.
Nazeer MR, Khan FR, Rahman M. In Vitro Assessment of The Accuracy of Extraoral Periapical Radiography in Root Length Determination. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(1):34–9.
Kumar R, Khambete N. Use of Extraoral Periapical Radiography in Indian Population: Technique and Case Reports. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(2):271–3.
Published
2022-04-30
How to Cite
KUSUMAWATI, Khairin Yonni; YANUARYSKA, Ryna Dwi; SHANTININGSIH, Rurie Ratna.
The accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography on determining the working length in endodontic treatment: narrative review.
Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI), [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 41-48, apr. 2022.
ISSN 2686-1321.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jrdi/article/view/770>. Date accessed: 28 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v6i1.770.
Section
Review Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
