Condylar position and morphology in bilateral partially edentulous patients: a radiographic perspective
Abstract
Objectives: Tooth loss is a common oral health issue in the general population, with its prevalence increasing significantly with age. Tooth loss that is not immediately rehabilitated with dentures can lead to disruption of the occlusion pattern. This condition may be affected by the position of the condyle, but it can also lead to morphological alterations of the mandibular condyle. If this condition is left untreated for an extended period, these changes can significantly impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Materials and Methods: The sample used in this study was secondary data from panoramic radiographs of bilateral partially edentulous patients who had high-quality radiograph standards.
Results: The findings of this study demonstrate the alteration in mandibular condyle position, with 57.7% of cases showing anterior position and 13.7% showing retroposition in patients with bilateral partial edentulism. The most dominant condyle morphology distribution was found to be the pointed shape (36.3%), whereas the least was the flat shape (5.7%).
Conclusion: In this study, the results showed that the anterior position and pointed shape were the most common position and morphology of the condyle. The distribution of this position was found to be higher in women than in men, with hormonal, anatomical, and habitual factors influencing the distribution of pressure on the TMJ.
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3. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Indonesia: Sekretariat Badan Litbang Kesehatan. 2018
4. Lai S, Damayanti L, Wulansari D. Gangguan sendi temporomandibular akibat ruang edentulous pada usia dewasa muda. Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students 2023; 7(1): 13. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v7i1.37693
5. Rodrigues VP, Freitas BV, De Oliveira ICV. Tooth loss and craniofacial factors associated with changes in mandibular condylar morphology. CRANIO® 2019; 37 (5):310–316. DOI:10.1080/08869634.2018.1431591
6. m YG, Lee JS, Park JI, Lim HS, Kim BG, Kim JH. Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of panoramic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiography to detect bony lesions in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis. J Dent Sci. 2018;13(4):396–404. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2018.08.006
7. Menezes AV, De Almeida SM, Bóscolo FN, Haiter Neto F, Ambrosano GMB, Manzi FR. Comparison of transcranial radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of mandibular condyle position. Dento-maxillo-facial Radiology/Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2008; 37(5):293–299. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/31850388
8. Arayapisit T, Ngamsom S, Duangthip P, Wongdit S, Wattanachaisiri S, Joonthongvirat Y, Mitrirattanakul S. Understanding the mandibular condyle morphology on panoramic images: A cone beam computed tomography comparison study. CRANIO. 2020;1–9. doi:10.1080/08869634.2020.1857627
9. Ammanna S, Rodrigues A, Shetty N, Shetty K. A tomographic study of the mandibular condyle position in partially edentulous population. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2015; 16(1), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1637
10. Amara R, Sam B, Lita YA. Asimetri ketinggian kondilus dan gejala temporomandibular disorder pada pasien edentulous: studi observasional. Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students. 2023; 7(3), 254. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v7i3.48118
11. Varsha KS, Krithika CL, Anuradha G, Yesoda AK. Co-relation of condylar shapes and mandibular dimensions in partially edentulous condition-a retrospective case control cross sectional study. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. 2023; 23(1): 144-9.
12. Rawat P, Saxena D, Srivastava PA, Sharma A, Swarnakar A, Sharma A. Prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorder in partially versus completely edentulous patients: A systematic review. Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2023; 23(3):218–225. https://doi.org/10.4103/jips.jips_136_23.
13. Prabhat KC, Verma SK, Maheshwari S, Ahmad I, Tariq M. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Craniomandibular Articulation in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion and Class I Normal Occlusion Subjects in North Indian Population. ISRN Dentistry. 2012;2012(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/312031
14. Singh B, Kumar NR, Balan A, Nishan M, Haris PS, Jinisha M, Denny CD. Evaluation of normal morphology of mandibular condyle: A radiographic survey. Journal of Clinical Imaging Science. 2020; 10(1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.25259/JCIS_84_2020
15. Zheng H, Shi L, Lu H, Liu Z, Yu M, Wang Y, Wang H. Influence of edentulism on the structure and function of temporomandibular joint. Heliyon. 2023;9(10):e20307. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20307
16. Valenzuela-Fuenzalida JJ, Navarro Kl, Urbina P, Trujillo-Riveros M, Nova-Baeza P, Orellana-Donoso M, Rodriguez-Luengo M, Beccerra FA, Sanchis-Gimeno JA. Prevalence of the Bifid Mandibular Condyle and Its Relationship with Pathologies of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics. 2023; 13(20):3282. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203282
17. Ahmed TH, Kheder K, Shekhani FH. A Panoramic Study of the Dissimilar Morphology of Mandibular Condyle in a Sample of Population in Erbil City. ARC Journal of Dental Science. 2021; 6(2):1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2456-0030.0602001
18. Song J, Cheng M, Qian Y, Chu F. Cone-beam CT evaluation of temporomandibular joint in permanent dentition according to Angle's classification. Oral Radiology. 2020; 36: 261-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-019-00403-3
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
ASYMAL, Alhidayati et al.
Condylar position and morphology in bilateral partially edentulous patients: a radiographic perspective.
Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI), [S.l.], v. 9, n. 3, p. 145-150, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2686-1321.
Available at: <http://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jrdi/article/view/1453>. Date accessed: 29 jan. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v9i3.1453.
Section
Original Research Article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
